Christmas Eve at Friday Harbor Read Online

"Christmas night" redirects hither. For the anthology by the Cambridge Singers, run across Christmas Dark.

Evening or entire mean solar day before Christmas Twenty-four hour period

Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve, an 1878 painting by J. Hoover & Son
Besides called	Christmas Evening Christmas Acuity 24-hour interval before Christmas Night before Christmas
Observed by	Christians Many non-Christians[1]
Type	Christian, cultural
Significance	Day or evening preceding the traditional birthday of Jesus
Observances	Gift shopping, souvenir giving, goodwill greetings, Midnight Mass, other church services, meals, preparations for the inflow of Christmas souvenir-bringers, preparing for Christmas
Date	24 December (Western Churches and Eastern Orthodox churches that use the Revised Julian Agenda) 5 Jan (Armenian Apostolic Church building) 6 Jan (Eastern Orthodox Churches that follow the Old Julian Agenda and most Oriental Orthodox Churches) eighteen Jan (Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem)[2] [3]
Frequency	Annual
Related to	Christmas Day, Christmastide, New year'due south Eve, New year

Christmas Eve is the evening or entire 24-hour interval before Christmas Twenty-four hours, the festival commemorating the nascency of Jesus.^[iv] Christmas 24-hour interval is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed every bit a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas 24-hour interval. Together, both days are considered i of the most culturally pregnant celebrations in Christendom and Western social club.

Christmas celebrations in the denominations of Western Christianity have long begun on Christmas Eve, due in part to the Christian liturgical day starting at sunset,^[5] a do inherited from Jewish tradition^[6] and based on the story of Cosmos in the Book of Genesis: "And at that place was evening, and there was forenoon – the starting time day."^[7] Many churches still band their church building bells and concur prayers in the evening; for example, the Nordic Lutheran churches.^[8] Since tradition holds that Jesus was built-in at night (based in Luke 2:half dozen-eight), Midnight Mass is celebrated on Christmas Eve, traditionally at midnight, in commemoration of his birth.^[9] The idea of Jesus being born at nighttime is reflected in the fact that Christmas Eve is referred to every bit Heilige Nacht (Holy Night) in High german, Nochebuena (the Good Dark) in Spanish and similarly in other expressions of Christmas spirituality, such every bit the song "Silent Nighttime, Holy Night".

Many other varying cultural traditions and experiences are also associated with Christmas Eve around the world, including the gathering of family unit and friends, the singing of Christmas carols, the illumination and enjoyment of Christmas lights, trees, and other decorations, the wrapping, commutation and opening of gifts, and general preparation for Christmas Day. Legendary Christmas gift-bearing figures including Santa Claus, Begetter Christmas, Christkind, and Saint Nicholas are also often said to depart for their annual journey to deliver presents to children around the earth on Christmas Eve, although until the Protestant introduction of Christkind in 16th-century Europe,^[10] such figures were said to instead deliver presents on the eve of Saint Nicholas' feast day (6 Dec).

Religious traditions [edit]

Western churches [edit]

Midnight Mass is held in many churches toward the end of Christmas Eve, often with dim lighting and traditional decorative accents such every bit greenery

Roman Catholics and high church Anglicans traditionally celebrate Midnight Mass, which begins either at or quondam before midnight on Christmas Eve. This ceremony, which is held in churches throughout the world, celebrates the nascence of Christ, which is believed to have occurred at dark. Midnight Mass is popular in Poland (pasterka) and Lithuania (piemenėlių mišios).

In recent years some churches have scheduled their "Midnight" Mass as early on every bit vii pm.^{[ citation needed ]} This better suits the immature children, whose choral singing has become a popular feature in some traditions. In Spanish-speaking areas, the Midnight Mass is sometimes referred to every bit Misa de Gallo, or Missa practise Galo in Portuguese ("Rooster's Mass"). In the Philippines, the custom has expanded into the nine-day Simbang Gabi, when Filipinos attend dawn Masses (traditionally start around 04:00 to 05:00 PST) from xvi December, continuing daily until Christmas Eve. In 2009 Vatican officials scheduled the Midnight Mass to start at 10 pm so that the 82-yr-quondam Pope Benedict XVI would not have also belatedly a night.^[11]

A birth scene may be erected indoors or outdoors, and is equanimous of figurines depicting the babe Jesus resting in a manger, Mary, and Joseph.^[12] Other figures in the scene may include angels, shepherds, and various animals. The figures may be made of any material,^[13] and arranged in a stable or grotto. The Magi may also appear, and are sometimes not placed in the scene until the week following Christmas to account for their travel time to Bethlehem. While most home nascency scenes are packed abroad at Christmas or before long thereafter, nativity scenes in churches usually remain on display until the feast of the Baptism of the Lord.^[13]

Whilst information technology does non include any kind of Mass, the Church of Scotland has a service beginning just before midnight, in which carols are sung. The Church of Scotland no longer holds Hogmanay services on New Year's Eve, even so. The Christmas Eve Services are nonetheless very pop. On Christmas Eve, the Christ Candle in the center of the Advent wreath is traditionally lit in many church services. In candlelight services, while singing Silent Nighttime, each fellow member of the congregation receives a candle and passes along their flame which is first received from the Christ Candle.

Appearance wreath, lighting the candle

Lutherans traditionally practice Christmas Eve Eucharistic traditions typical of Germany and Scandinavia. "Krippenspiele" (Nativity plays), special festive music for organ, vocal and brass choirs and candlelight services brand Christmas Eve one of the highlights in the Lutheran Church building calendar.

Christmas Vespers are popular in the early evening, and midnight services are besides widespread in regions which are predominantly Lutheran. The onetime Lutheran tradition of a Christmas Vigil in the early morning time hours of Christmas Day (Christmette) can still be found in some regions. In eastern and centre Germany, congregations still continue the tradition of "Quempas singing": split groups dispersed in diverse parts of the church building sing verses of the vocal "He whom shepherds once came Praising" (Quem pastores laudavere) responsively.

Methodists celebrate the evening in dissimilar ways. Some, in the early on evening, come to their church to celebrate Holy Communion with their families. The mood is very solemn, and the only visible lite is the Appearance Wreath, and the candles upon the Lord'southward Table. Others celebrate the evening with services of calorie-free, which include singing the vocal Silent Night as a variety of candles (including personal candles) are lit. Other churches have late evening services perchance at eleven pm, and so that the church tin can celebrate Christmas Day together with the ringing of bells at midnight. Others offer Christmas Day services too.

The annual "9 Lessons and Carols", broadcast from King'south College, Cambridge on Christmas Eve, has established itself a Christmas custom in the Britain.^[14] It is broadcast outside the U.k. via the BBC World Service, and is also bought past broadcasters around the world.^[fourteen]

Eastern churches [edit]

Proclamation of the Virgin Mary Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

In the Byzantine Rite, Christmas Eve is referred to equally Paramony ("preparation"). Information technology is the last day of the Nascence Fast and is observed as a day of strict fasting past those devout Byzantine Christians who are physically capable of doing and so. In some traditions, nothing is eaten until the first star appears in the evening sky, in commemoration of the Star of Bethlehem. The liturgical celebration begins before in the mean solar day with the commemoration of the Royal Hours, followed past the Divine Liturgy combined with the celebration of Vespers, during which a large number of passages from the One-time Attestation are chanted, recounting the history of salvation. After the dismissal at the end of the service, a new candle is brought out into the centre of the church and lit, and all gather round and sing the Troparion and Kontakion of the Banquet.

In the evening, the All-Night Vigil for the Feast of the Nascence is equanimous of Great Compline, Matins and the First 60 minutes. The Byzantine services of Christmas Eve are intentionally parallel to those of Good Friday, illustrating the theological signal that the purpose of the Incarnation was to make possible the Crucifixion and Resurrection. This is illustrated in Eastern icons of the Nativity, on which the Christ Child is wrapped in swaddling dress reminiscent of his burying wrappings. The kid is also shown lying on a stone, representing the Tomb of Christ, rather than a manger. The Cave of the Nativity is also a reminder of the cave in which Jesus was buried.

The services of Christmas Eve are likewise similar to those of the Eve of Theophany (Epiphany), and the 2 Great Feasts are considered 1 celebration.

In some Orthodox cultures, after the Vesperal Liturgy the family returns dwelling to a festive meal, but one at which Orthodox fasting rules are still observed: no meat or dairy products (milk, cheese, eggs, etc.) are consumed (run across below for variations co-ordinate to nationality). Then they render to the church for the All-Nighttime Vigil.

The next forenoon, Christmas Day, the Divine Liturgy is celebrated once again, only with special features that occur just on Great Feasts of the Lord. Later on the dismissal of this Liturgy, the faithful customarily greet each other with the kiss of peace and the words: "Christ is Born!", to which the i beingness greeted responds: "Glorify Him!" (the opening words of the Canon of the Nativity that was chanted the night earlier during the Acuity). This greeting, together with many of the hymns of the feast, continue to be used until the leave-taking of the banquet on 29 December.

The first three days of the feast are particularly solemn. The second mean solar day is known as the Synaxis of the Theotokos, and commemorates the role of the Virgin Mary in the Nascency of Jesus. The third twenty-four hours is referred to simply as "the Third Day of the Nativity". The Sat and Sunday following 25 December have special Epistle and Gospel readings assigned to them. 29 Dec celebrates the Holy Innocents.

Byzantine Christians observe a festal period of twelve days, during which no one in the Church fasts, even on Wednesdays and Fridays, which are normal fasting days throughout the rest of the twelvemonth. During this fourth dimension one feast leads into another: 25–31 Dec is the afterfeast of the Birth; 2–5 Jan is the forefeast of the Epiphany.

Meals [edit]

Republic of bulgaria [edit]

In Bulgaria, the meal consists of an odd number of lenten dishes in compliance with the rules of fasting. They are usually the traditional sarma, bob chorba (edible bean soup), fortune kravai (pastry with a fortune in it; also called bogovitsa, vechernik, kolednik), blimp peppers, nuts, dried fruit, boiled wheat.^[15] The meal is often accompanied with vino or Bulgaria'southward traditional alcoholic drinkable rakia, in the by olovina (a type of homemade rye beer). The meals used to exist put on meridian of hay, direct on the floor, together with a ploughshare or a coulter.^[sixteen]

Czech Commonwealth [edit]

In the Czech Democracy, fasting on the day of Christmas Eve (or only eating meatless food) is a medieval tradition. The belief is that if one lasted until Christmas dinner, they would encounter a gilded pig, which is a symbol of luck. A typical Christmas breakfast is a sugariness braided staff of life vánočka. Christmas Eve dinner traditionally consists of a carp (baked or fried) and a murphy salad.^[17]

French republic [edit]

In French-speaking places, Réveillon is a long dinner eaten on Christmas Eve.

Guam and the Northern Marianas [edit]

In Guam and the Northern Marianas, dishes include shrimp kelaguen; coconut crab; and kadon octopus (octopus stewed in sweetness peppers and coconut milk). Beef is a rarity, just a popular dish is tinaktak, ground beefiness in kokosnoot milk.^[18]

Italy [edit]

While other Christian families throughout the world celebrate the Christmas Eve repast with diverse meats, Italians (especially Sicilians) celebrate the traditional Catholic "Feast of the Seven Fishes" which was historically served after a 24-hour fasting period. Although Christmas fasting is no longer a pop custom, some Italian-Americans all the same enjoy a meatless Christmas Eve feast^[xix] and nourish the Midnight Mass. In various cultures, a festive dinner is traditionally served for the family unit and close friends in attendance, when the first star (ordinarily Sirius) appears in the heaven.

Latin America [edit]

• In Peru, a large, juicy turkey is the star for Noche Buena.^[xx]

• In Venezuela, hallacas are unremarkably the staple dish for Noche Buena alongside of either ham or pork leg known as "pernil", panettone, rum and "Ponche Crema" (a form of alcoholic eggnog). The dark is ordinarily accompanied by traditional Christmas music known as "aguinaldos"; in Venezuela, the traditional music is known equally joropo.^[21]

Lithuania [edit]

Further information: Kūčios

Lithuanian Christmas Eve table with kūčiukai

Lithuanian Christmas Eve blends pagan and Christian traditions, as initially it was a celebration of the wintertime solstice.^[22] Traditionally, Lithuanians believed that animals could talk on that night, and information technology was possible to predict the hereafter with charms and various games.^[23] Kūčios ("Holy Meal") is the nigh important consequence of the year and family unit reunion. Expressionless relatives are remembered with an empty plate set at the table.^[24] The banquet starts after the ascension of the evening star.^{[25] [ unreliable source? ]} No products fabricated from meat, milk and alcohol are allowed during the Kūčios.^{[26] [ unreliable source? ]} In all, 12 dishes are served, all of them rustic, made from grains, fish, dried fruit or mushrooms including kūčiukai. Pocket-size biscuits soaked in poppy seed milk are served.^{[ citation needed ]} After the dinner is over the table is left uncleared overnight for the feast of vėlės (spirits or soul).^{[27] [ unreliable source? ] [28]}

Poland [edit]

A tradition similar to Italy (Wigilia, or 'Christmas Vigil') exists in Poland. The number of dishes is traditionally 12, but has been an odd number in the past.^[29] According to the Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (Etymological Dictionary of the Smoothen Language) past Aleksander Brückner, the number of dishes was traditionally related to social class: the peasants' vigil consisted of v or 7 dishes, the gentry usually had 9, and the elite, 11 dishes, only the even number 12 is also institute today to call back the Twelve Apostles. Information technology is obligatory to try a portion of all of them. Some traditions specify that the number of guests cannot be odd.^{[30] [31]}

In Poland, gifts are unwrapped on Christmas Eve, as opposed to Christmas Day. It comes from fusing the traditions of Saint Nicholas Day (half dozen December) and Christmas. In the by, gifts were opened on the morning of Saint Nicholas Day.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Russian federation [edit]

Rozhdenstvenskiy sochelnik (Russian: Рождественский сочельник) was a common Eastern Orthodox tradition in the Russian Empire, just during the era of the Soviet Union it was greatly discouraged every bit a event of the official atheism of the former authorities.

In modern-day Russia, the church has a service on that day, only the celebration itself has non notwithstanding regained its popularity amongst the people. Instead of the Christmas Eve, New Twelvemonth's Eve is considered to exist a traditional family commemoration featuring the New Year tree.

Serbia [edit]

Candles on Christmas Eve 2010

In accordance with the Christmas traditions of the Serbs, their festive meal has a copious and diverse option of foods, although it is prepared according to the rules of fasting.

As well equally a circular, unleavened loaf of bread and salt, which are necessary, this repast may comprise roast fish, cooked beans, sauerkraut, noodles with ground walnuts, beloved, and wine.

Families in some Slavic countries go out an empty place at the table for guests (alluding to Mary and Joseph looking for shelter in Bethlehem).

Ukraine [edit]

In Ukraine, Sviatyi Vechir (Ukrainian: Святий Вечір, Holy Evening) is traditionally celebrated with a meatless twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper, or the Holy Supper (Ukrainian: Свята Вечеря, Sviata Vecheria). The main attributes of the Holy Supper in Ukraine are kutia, a poppy seed, love and wheat dish, and uzvar, a drinkable made from reconstituted dried fruits. Other typical dishes are borscht, varenyky, and dishes made of fish, phaseolus and cabbage.

The twelve dishes symbolize the Twelve Apostles. Only as in Poland, it is obligatory to endeavour a portion of all of the dishes. The table is spread with a white cloth symbolic of the swaddling clothes the Kid Jesus was wrapped in, and a big white candle stands in the heart of the table symbolizing Christ the Light of the World. Next to it is a round loaf of bread symbolizing Christ Bread of Life. Hay is often displayed either on the table or equally a decoration in the room, reminiscent of the manger in Bethlehem.

Gift giving [edit]

Christmas presents under the Christmas tree

During the Reformation in 16th- and 17th-century Europe, many Protestants inverse the gift bringer to the Christ Child or Christkindl, and the engagement of giving gifts changed from 6 December to Christmas Eve.^[32] It is the night when Santa Claus makes his rounds delivering gifts to expert children. Many trace the custom of giving gifts to the Magi who brought gifts for the Christ child in the manger.

In Republic of austria, Republic of croatia, the Czechia, Republic of finland, Hungary, and Slovakia, where Saint Nicholas (sv. Mikuláš/szent Mikulás) gives gifts on half dozen Dec, the Christmas gift-giver is the Child Jesus (Ježíšek in Czech, Jézuska in Hungarian, Ježiško in Slovak and Isusek in Croatian).^[33]

In virtually parts of Austria, the Czechia, Federal republic of germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Switzerland, presents are traditionally exchanged on the evening of 24 December. Children are commonly told that presents were brought either by the Christkind (High german for Christ child),^[34] or past the Weihnachtsmann. Both get out the gifts, but are in virtually families not seen doing so. In Deutschland, the gifts are too brought on vi December past "the Nikolaus" with his helper Knecht Ruprecht.

Christmas tree with presents hanging on the tree

In Estonia Jõuluvana, Finland Joulupukki, Denmark Julemanden, Norway Julenissen and Sweden Jultomten, personally meets children and gives presents in the evening of Christmas Eve.^{[35] [36]}

In Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Republic of colombia, the Czech republic, Denmark, Republic of estonia, the Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Republic of iceland, Latvia, Republic of lithuania, Luxembourg, Kingdom of norway, Poland, Portugal, Quebec (French Canada), Romania, Uruguay, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Switzerland, Christmas presents are opened more often than not on the evening of the 24th – following German tradition, this is also the exercise amongst the British Royal Family unit since it was introduced past Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort^{[37] [38]} – while in Italy, the United States, the U.k., Commonwealth of Ireland, Malta, English language Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, this occurs mostly on the morning of Christmas Day.

In other Latin American countries, people stay awake until midnight, when they open the presents.

In Spain, gifts are traditionally opened on the morning of six January, Epiphany day ("Día de Los Tres Reyes Magos"),^[39] though in another countries, like Mexico, Argentina and Uruguay, people receive presents both around Christmas and on the morning of Epiphany twenty-four hour period.

In Belgium and the Netherlands Saint Nicholas or Sinterklaas and his companion Zwarte Piet evangelize presents to children and adults alike on the evening of 5 December, the eve of his nameday.^[40] On 24 December they go to church or scout the belatedly-night Mass on TV, or have a meal.^{[ citation needed ]}

Christmas Eve around the globe [edit]

Christmas Eve is historic in different ways around the world, varying by country and region. Elements common to many areas of the earth include the attendance of special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers and the giving and receiving of presents. Forth with Easter, Christmastime is one of the virtually of import periods on the Christian calendar, and is often closely continued to other holidays at this time of year, such as Appearance, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, St. Nicholas Day, St. Stephen's Day, New year's day's, and the Feast of the Epiphany.

Celebrations [edit]

Among Christians, likewise every bit non-Christians who celebrate Christmas, the significant amount of vacation travel, and travel back to family unit homes, that takes identify in the lead-upwardly to Christmas means that Christmas Eve is also oftentimes a time of social events and parties, worldwide.^{[41] [42] [43] [44] [45]}

Further information on Christmas Eve traditions around the earth: Christmas worldwide

In Jewish culture [edit]

Nittel Nacht is a name given to Christmas Eve by Jewish scholars in the 17th century.

In contemporary American-Jewish culture [edit]

With Christmas Solar day a piece of work holiday throughout the The states, at that place is a space of unfilled gratuitous time during which much of American commerce and society is not functioning, and which can requite rise to a sense of loneliness or breach for American Jews.^{[46] [47] [48] [49] [50]}

Jews also typically do not appoint in the family gathering and religious worship activities that are central to Christmas Eve for Christians.^[51]

Typical contemporary activities have unremarkably been express to "Chinese and a movie"^{[52] [53] [54]}—consuming a repast at a Chinese restaurant, which tend to be open for business concern on the Christmas holiday, and watching a flick at the theater or at home, stereotypically a rerun of Information technology'due south a Wonderful Life.^{[50] [55] [56] [57]}

Since the 1980s a variety of social events for young Jews have sprung up, and go popular, on Christmas Eve.^[58] These include the Matzo Ball, The Ball, and a number of local events organized past Jewish communities and local Jewish Federations in Northward America.^[47]

Further information on Christmas Eve social events for young Jews in Due north America: Matzo Ball

In Chinese culture [edit]

In Mandarin, Christmas Eve is called Píng'ān yè ( 平安夜 , "peaceful night", etymologically from the Chinese title of the Christmas carol Silent Night). People exchange apples, considering the word for "apple tree" ( 苹 ( píng ) 果) is a rhyming wordplay with "peace" ( 平 ( píng ) 安).^[59]

In Inuit civilization [edit]

In Inuit territories, Christmas Eve is called Quviasukvik. The Inuit celebrate it equally their new twelvemonth.^{[60] [61] [62]}

Latin America [edit]

For Latin American cultures, Christmas Eve is often the biggest feast for the Christmas season. Typically a dinner is served with the family, sometimes afterwards attending the late Mass known equally Misa de Gallo. Some regions include a fasting before midnight dinner.^[63] In much of Latin America the evening consists of a traditional family dinner for the adults. In some areas Christmas Eve marks the final evening of the Posadas celebrations.^[64]

Cuba [edit]

In Cuba, roasted sus scrofa (lechón) is often the eye of Christmas Eve (Nochebuena).^[65] Information technology is believed that the tradition dates back to the 15th century when Caribbean colonists hunted down pigs and roasted them with a powerful flame.^[66]

In Cuban and Cuban-American tradition, the pig is sometimes cooked in a Caja Cathay, a large box where an entire pig is placed below hot coals.^[67] The dinner features many side dishes and desserts, and often games of dominoes are played. The tradition is continued by Cuban families in Florida and the United States.^[68] The dinner on the 24th, Christmas Eve itself, is the center of the celebration. That solar day — it may also exist 31 — for many it is important to wear a new piece of clothing, be information technology a jacket or underwear.

The Cuban family does non accept a fixed time for dinner. It is necessary, yes, in virtually of the Island, to have it as a family, and information technology is expected to be all at the table to start tasting the frijoles negros dormidos [sleeping black beans] and the arroz blanco desgranado y reluciente [shredded white rice], the yuca con mojo [Cuban side dish made past marinating yuca root (too known every bit cassava) in garlic, sour orange, and olive oil], the roasted pork or the stuffed or unfilled guanajo that, along with homemade desserts, such equally Christmas fritters, and a broad range of sweets in syrup and Spanish nougat. The visit to the archipelago of Pope John Paul II, in 1998, promoted the Cuban State, in a gesture of goodwill, to declare December 25 again as a holiday, which had stopped happening for several decades.

New Mexico [edit]

In New Mexico and areas of San Diego, CA, Christmas Eve (nochebuena) is historic by lighting luminarias and farolitos.

Philippines [edit]

In the Philippines, the traditional dinner is served at midnight subsequently the family unit attends the late evening Mass known as Misa de Gallo (sometimes referred to as Misa de Aguinaldo, "Gift Mass"). Conventional dishes served for the main form include: lechón, pancit, sugariness-tasting spaghetti, fried chicken, jamón, queso de bola, arróz caldo, lumpia, turkey, relyenong bangús (stuffed milkfish), adobo, steamed rice, and various breads such every bit pan de sal. Desserts include úbe halayá, bibingka, membrilyo, fruit salad, various rice- and flour-based pastries, water ice cream, and fruits, while pop beverages are tsokolate too every bit java, soda, vino, beer, alcoholic drinks, and fruit juices.

Historical events [edit]

A cross, left near Ypres in Belgium in 1999, to commemorate the site of the 1914 Christmas Truce. The text reads 1914—The Khaki Chum's Christmas Truce—85 Years—Lest Nosotros Forget.

A number of historical events have been influenced past the occurrence of Christmas Eve.

Christmas truce [edit]

During World War I in 1914 and 1915 at that place was an unofficial Christmas truce, particularly betwixt British and German troops. The truce began on Christmas Eve, 24 Dec 1914, when German language troops began decorating the area around their trenches in the region of Ypres, Belgium, for Christmas. They began by placing candles on trees, then connected the celebration by singing Christmas carols, most notably Stille Nacht ("Silent Dark"). The British troops in the trenches across from them responded by singing English carols. The two sides shouted Christmas greetings to each other. Shortly there were calls for visits across the "No man'south land" when small gifts were exchanged. The truce also allowed a breathing infinite during which recently killed soldiers could be brought back behind their lines past burial parties. Funerals took place as soldiers from both sides mourned the dead together and paid their respects. At one funeral in No Man's State, soldiers from both sides gathered and read a passage from Psalm 23. The truce occurred in spite of opposition at higher levels of the armed services command. Before in the autumn, a phone call by Pope Benedict 15 for an official truce between the warring governments had been ignored.

Apollo 8 reading from Genesis [edit]

On 24 Dec 1968, in what was the near watched boob tube broadcast to that engagement, the astronauts Neb Anders, Jim Lovell and Frank Borman of Apollo 8 surprised the earth with a reading of the Creation from the Volume of Genesis as they orbited the Moon.^[69] Madalyn Murray O'Pilus, an atheist activist, filed a lawsuit under the Establishment Clause of the First Subpoena.^[seventy] The trial courtroom dismissed the lawsuit, which was upheld on appeal.^[71]

In 1969, the United States Postal Service issued a postage stamp (Scott# 1371) commemorating the Apollo eight flying around the Moon. The stamp featured a detail of the famous photograph, Earthrise, of the World "rising" over the Moon (NASA epitome AS8-14-2383HR), taken past Anders on Christmas Eve, and the words, "In the start God...".

Run across also [edit]

• Christmas Twenty-four hour period
• Nativity of Jesus
• Santa Claus
• Winter holiday season
• Réveillon

References [edit]

1. ^ Christmas equally a Multi-faith Festival—BBC News. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
2. ^ "Christmas is here- nonetheless again!The Holy Land is unique in celebrating Christmas iii times; on December 25th, January 6th and January 19th". JPost.
3. ^ Ramzy, John. "The Glorious Banquet of Nativity:? 29 Kiahk? 25 Dec?". Coptic Orthodox Church Network. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
4. ^ Mary Pat Fisher (1997). Living Religions: an encyclopedia of the world's faiths. I.B.Tauris. ISBN9781860641480. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2010. Christmas is the celebration of Jesus' nascency on earth.
5. ^ "Christian Calendar". Jerusalem Center for Jewish-Christian Relations. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
6. ^ Kessler, Edward; Neil Wenborn (2005). A dictionary of Jewish-Christian relations. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom: Cambridge academy Press. p. 274.
7. ^ Bible - NIV. 2005.
8. ^ "Helgmålsringning". Natinalencyclopedin. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
9. ^ "Vatican Today". Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
10. ^ Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, Academy of California Press, 2007, ISBN 0-520-25104-0, pp. 68–79.
11. ^ "Woman knocks Pope down at Christmas Mass". British Broadcasting Company. 25 December 2009.
12. ^ Vermes, Geza. The Nativity: History and Legend. Penguin, 2006
13. ^ ^{a b} Dues, Greg.Catholic Customs and Traditions: A Popular Guide 20-Tertiary Publications, 2000.
14. ^ ^{a b} Alex Webb (24 December 2001), "Choir that sings to the world", BBC News
15. ^ Bulgarian Main Courses Archived four January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
16. ^ Христо Вакарелски. Етнография на България. Наука и изкуство. София 1977. с. 500
17. ^ "Vánoční zvyky a tradice, které navodí tu pravou sváteční atmosféru". Novinky.cz . Retrieved 21 December 2020.
18. ^ Hungry holidays: The Filipino Noche Buena GMA News Online. Cristina Tantenco. 22 December 2013. Retrieved v May 2014
19. ^ "Feast of Seven Fishes – A Sicilian Christmas Eve Tradition". Rachael Ray Digital LLC. 2014. Retrieved 14 Nov 2014. Sicilians traditionally celebrate Christmas Eve with a "Feast of Vii Fishes" which was historically served after a 24-hour fasting catamenia. Although pre-Christmas fasting is non a popular custom still practiced by Italian-Americans, many all the same enjoy a meatless Christmas Eve banquet.
20. ^ Noche Buena Traditions Archived 2014-05-06 at the Wayback Automobile Living in Peru. Diana P. Alano. Retrieved v May 2014
21. ^ [ane] Venezuela Sociology and Traditions. Venezuelan Embassy to the United States. Retrieved 25 December 2014
22. ^ Kubilius, Kerry (2017). "Republic of lithuania Christmas Traditions". www.tripsavvy.com . Retrieved 22 December 2018. In infidel Lithuania, the Christmas celebration as nosotros know it today was actually the celebration of the winter solstice.
23. ^ "Lithuania, Christmas in". Retrieved 22 Dec 2018. Hundreds of lilliputian Christmas Eve formulas and charms offering Lithuanians ways in which to use the events of this evening to predict the time to come.
24. ^ Grinevičiūtė, Monika (Dec 2018). "Magical Christmas Eve in Lithuania - Kūčios". Retrieved 22 December 2018. One more than important thing - it is believed that during the Christmas Eve all family unit members are meeting to have dinner. It ways the deceased relatives as well, so for that reason on the tabular array one more, additional plate, is ever placed.
25. ^ "Lithuanian customs and traditions". thelithuanians.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2018. The ritual supper is not eaten until the evening star appears in the sky. Until then, the bathhouse is heated, people bathe and clothes upwardly in festive clothes. The floor was strewn with juniper by the mistress and the primary placed handfuls of hay on the table, covered it with a white linen tablecloth.
26. ^ "2/10/2011 Lithuanian traditions: Christmas". www.lithaz.org . Retrieved 22 December 2018. The repast served on Christmas Eve did not include meat, milk products or eggs.
27. ^ "Lithuanian customs and traditions". thelithuanians.com. Archived from the original on fourteen February 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2018. Most often the "Kūčia" table was not cleared away, for it was believed that when the family is asleep the souls of the dead come in to eat.
28. ^ Vaicekauskas, Arūnas (2014). "Aboriginal Lithuanian Calendar Festivals" (PDF). Vytautas Magnus University. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2018. The cult of the expressionless is well noticed in the custom when, after Christmas Eve supper the table is not cleared just left overnight. It was believed that the souls of the dead would come and serve themselves at dark.
29. ^ Kasprzyk, Magdalena. "The 12 Dishes of Polish Christmas". Culture.pl . Retrieved iii August 2016.
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31. ^ "Wigilia". Polishcenter.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 14 Feb 2014.
32. ^ Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, Academy of California Press, 2007, ISBN 0-520-25104-0, pp. 68–79.
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39. ^ Francis, Charles Wisdom Well Said p.224 Levine Mesa Press, 2009
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45. ^ See, e.g., Upcoming.org, The Higher Night Out, 2009 Archived eighteen March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
46. ^ "December. 24 is time to party at Mazelpalooza, Matzoball". azcentral . Retrieved 16 May 2019.
47. ^ ^{a b} Jessica Gresko, "December. 24 Becomes Party Dark for Jewish Singles", Associated Press (Washington Mail service), 24 Dec 2006
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49. ^ Barbara Lewis, "MatzoBall Detroit: Jewish singles now take their own party on Christmas Eve", Detroit Jewish News, 18 Dec 2014
50. ^ ^{a b} "平安夜美国犹太单身大聚会-英语点津". linguistic communication.chinadaily.com.cn . Retrieved 16 May 2019.
51. ^ Richardson, Brenda Lane (16 December 1987). "Deciding to Celebrate Christmas, or Not". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved sixteen May 2019.
52. ^ Marziah (24 December 2012). "Happy Chinese and a Movie". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
53. ^ "The joy of not jubilant Christmas". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 24 December 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
54. ^ "Chinese food and movies: A Christmas tradition". EW.com . Retrieved 16 May 2019.
55. ^ Heyman, Marshall (27 December 2010). "'Tis the Season For Matzo Balls". Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 30 December 2018.
56. ^ Phone call, JODI DUCKETT, The Morning time. "JEWISH SINGLES MIMGLE CHRISTMAS EVE". themorningcall.com . Retrieved sixteen May 2019.
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60. ^ Sex in Our Foreign Globe: Why Christmas has Always Been Almost Sex
61. ^ Christmas in the Big Igloo
62. ^ Inulariuyunga; Imngirnik Quvigiyaqaqtunga!
63. ^ Nochebuena: Most Latinos start celebrating Christmas on December 24 The Denver Mail. Roxana Soto. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2014
64. ^ For some Latino families, Christmas comes a twenty-four hour period early The Los Angeles Times. Hector Becerra. 19 Dec 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2014
65. ^ For some Latino families, Christmas comes a twenty-four hours early The Los Angeles Times. Hector Becerra. 19 December. People actually like to celebrate this vacation because information technology brings families together and allows families to spend quality fourth dimension together. 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2014
66. ^ Nochebuena: Celebrations Start on December 24 in Latin-American Households Latin Post. Nicole Akoukou. eleven December 2013. Retrieved five May 2014
67. ^ Cordle, Ina Paiva, On Nochebuena, many in Due south Florida will exist roasting a pig in a "caja mainland china" The Miami Herald, 23 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013
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70. ^ Chaikin, Andrew (1994). A Man On The Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts . Viking. pp. 204, 623. ISBN0-670-81446-6.
71. ^ O'Pilus v. Paine, 312 F. Supp. 434 (W.D. Tex. 1969), aff'd, 432 F.2d 66 (5th Cir. 1970) (per curiam), cert. denied, 401 U.S. 955 (1971). See also O'Pilus five. Paine 397 U.S. 531 (1970) (dismissing direct entreatment of trial court order remanding from 3-guess console).

External links [edit]

fiscusharfugher.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Eve

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